The most suitable chemical or biological agent deployed to control insect pests affecting Malus domestica cultivations represents a critical input for orchard management. Effective application aims to minimize crop damage while considering environmental and economic factors, balancing pest control with fruit yield and quality.
Strategically selecting and employing these agents safeguards fruit production, mitigating losses from insect infestations. Historically, various substances have been utilized, ranging from naturally derived compounds to synthetic formulations, each with its own efficacy, spectrum of activity, and potential impacts on non-target organisms and the ecosystem.